Dantes Inferno and the Renaissance Essay - 2380 Words

It is one of the most known and referenced books of its time and is still a commonly read work of literature, but is Dante Alighieri’s The Inferno more that just one man’s interpretation of what hell is like? We know it now as a remarkable piece of literature, but some contend that it was a turning point in writing and how many viewed the world. Claims have also been made that it is an example of how man paved the road out of the Dark Ages and into the Renaissance, the period that shaped a lot of modern thinking. The book was received as a masterpiece and helped change the literary world of it’s time, but was it the book as a whole that helped lead the West out of the dark ages or was it the situations within? While the Divine Comedy was†¦show more content†¦This section of hell can be seen as contradictory to the sentiment that the Divine Comedy was a work that led humanity into the Renaissance. Here Dante is saying that whether or not you are a good pe rson, if you act for yourself only and do not accept God, you are destined to chase a blank banner for eternity and where as Virgil states, â€Å"These people have not any hope of death†¦They envious are of every other fate.† (Dante, 9) As they move onto the first circle of hell he comes to those who are in limbo, even though they aren’t actually sinners, they did not accept Christ or lived before his time. Some of the people who reside here are people like Virgil, Homer, Saladin, Socrates and Plato. There isn’t an active punishment on them per say, but they are punished by the fact they are separated from God. The Renaissance is always noted as a time when the people of the â€Å"modern† world of their time, looked back at the Greek and Roman philosophers and were guided by their teachings of reason. While Dante obviously has great respect for these men and their works, because they didn’t accept Christ as their lord (because they were before his time) they are sent to the first circle in the Land of the Damned. Like those outside Hell, this seems to go against most of the Renaissance ideas in that these great thinkers and philosophers of the old world, even though they weren’t si nners, would still be punished by being separated from GodShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Dante s Inferno1016 Words   |  5 PagesDante’s Inferno is heavily based on the social and political downgrade of Rome in the 14th century. The poet recognized that civilians in his own city-state were idolizing corrupt politicians and giving into their sinful temptations. Political and religious stability were crumbling and as a result order disintegrated, many started to claim to be the Pope, people were idolizing wealth and corruption, and a majority of relationships were stemmed from adultery. As a result, throughout his cantos, DanteRead MoreThe Divine Comedy1705 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the Middle Ages, art and philosophy has been lost in darkness, but with the reintroduction of ideas that came with the Renaissance in Italy, brought about a literary revival. One of the writers that influenced this revival is Dante Alighieri, a 13th century poet from Florence, Italy. His world famous epic, La Commedia, or more commonly known as The Divine Comedy remains a poetic masterpiece depicting truth and sin. The Divine Comedy, through the journey into the three hells, expressesRead MoreThe Divine Comedy By Dante Alighieri873 Words   |  4 Pagesand 1321, the year he died. It is considered one of the greatest works of world literature. He wrote â€Å"The Divine Comedy† while he was exiled from Florence, Italy (Bishops 182). â€Å"The Divine Comedy† recounts Dante’s idea of the afterlife. It is written in a first person perspective and follows Dante’s journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. At the time Dante wrote the Divine Comedy, Italy was going through a political struggle between two groups. Dante used the conversations with souls so he couldRead MoreDante And The Road Of Humanism1347 Words   |  6 PagesDante and the Road to Humanism During the Renaissance, the ideology of humanism became extremely popular. After the black plague people presumed that God had abandoned them. As a result, they began to search for their own answers through observation and experimentation; this method was called empiricism. Through this, man began to place himself at the center of the universe instead of God. Individuals began to embrace their own talents and spend less time worrying about the next life and moreRead MoreDante and Machiavelli Essay1084 Words   |  5 PagesDante and Machiavelli define opposite sides of the Renaissance in several ways.   Certainly the former believes that God will reveal all and call people to account for their behavior, while the latter gives every sign of believing in no God and supposing that scrupulous behavior only makes one a target for ruthless exploitation.   This difference in the two could be expressed in terms of religious faith—but they could also be said to have differing views of human nature.   Try to get to the heart ofRead MoreMedieval Vs. Renaissance Literature1323 Words   |  6 PagesMedieval and Renaissance Literature The medieval literature is a clear depiction of the Christian’s changed perception in relation to Christ’s second coming. Initially, the majority of the readings focused entirely on three aspects that resonate around Jesus’ second coming, an anticipated resurrection for the faithful and the ultimate judgment. Judgment in this case was beyond human comprehension and it was regarded as God’s preserve. With the ‘second coming’ becoming extremely remote, middleRead MoreDantes Expedition of Revenge in The Divine Comedy1033 Words   |  4 Pagesjourney that was motivated by acrimony, revenge and retribution. The Divine Comedy is a story of Dante’s expedition through the afterlife with the help from a Roman poet, Virgil. In the Divine Comedy living in Hell is the same as living on earth in poverty today. Today, there are many politicians who are trying to help with the welfare of poverty, but they never follow through with their goals. Throu ghout Dante’s life on earth he witnesses the corruption of the church and power given to higher authoritiesRead More Divine Comedy - The Trinity in Dantes Inferno Essay2097 Words   |  9 PagesThe Trinity in The Inferno      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dantes Inferno, itself one piece of a literary trilogy, repeatedly deploys the leitmotif of the number three as a metaphor for ambiguity, compromise, and transition. A work in terza rima that details a descent through Nine Circles of Hell, The Inferno encompasses temporal, literary, and political bridges and chasms that link Dantes inspired Centaur work between the autobiographical and the fictive, the mundane and the divine and, from a contemporaryRead More Inferno as a Manifestation of the Pain of Dante Alighieri Essay1502 Words   |  7 PagesInferno as a Manifestation of the Pain of Dante Alighieri Dantes Inferno was a great epic poem of the early Renaissance. It was known for its astute commentary on political and religious levels, both deeply woven into the work through allegory. Inferno, written in 1314 by Dante Alighieri, was the first canticle of the Divine Comedy. Dante called it a comedy both because of its happy ending and its style, which lies between that of the tragedy and that of the elegy.(Vossler, 665)Read MoreEssay on The Allegory of the Cave and Dante1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthe poet Dante Alighieri, writer of The Inferno in the 1300s, because it asserts the need to establish oneself as a contributor to society. Indeed, Dante’s work contributes much to Renaissance Italy as his work is the first of its scope and size to be written in the vernacular. Due to its readability and availability, The Inferno is a nationalistic symbol. With this widespread availability also comes a certain social responsibility; even though Dante’s audience would have been familiar with the

Occupational Fraud A Glance At Asset Misappropriation...

II. OCCUPATIONAL FRAUD – A glance at Asset Misappropriation and other types of organisational fraud Now that we have tolerably defined ‘fraud’, we can move on to explain ‘Occupational Fraud’ which is an internal fraud i.e. generally committed by employees/members associated with an organisation, and more closely related to corporate governance. Occupational Fraud is defined as: â€Å"The use of one’s occupation for personal enrichment through the deliberate misuse or misapplication of the employing organization’s resources or assets.† Fraud constitutes a purposeful disregard for the system and a deliberate attempt to violate that system for personal gain, and most companies’ systems are not designed to stop this. Occupational fraud is a universal problem for businesses around the globe. Any company or establishment that employs personnel to conduct its business is exposed to the possibility of occupational fraud. In the ACFE 2014 report on occupational fraud, it was reported that privately owned and publicly traded organizations accounted for approximately two-thirds of the victims in the cases reported to ACFE. Hence, organisations are extremely susceptible to the risk of fraud. Occupational fraud can cover an assortment of actions or deeds by personnel of an organisation which could be top-ranking executives, managers, employees or even non-employees. The nature of misuse or misapplication of assets can range from well-executed scams involving millions of dollars

Enterprise Architecture - Strategy and Governance - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theEnterprise Architecture,Strategy and Governance. Answer: Assumptions - This is a statement which is believed to be true even though it has not been proven or verified. It is imperative the assumption are modelled in order to attempt to do verification to them as they may be potential and can be proved to false, thus signifies the change of the definition of the problem and the solution. They make statements on things are currently done or they can be done in future solutions. The assumption is related to risks and they could be managed the same way as the. Efforts should be made to validate them in early stages in the requirements development phase Bailey (2006). The assumption of Windows Operating System is used where there is the graphical representation (icon) of toolbox where the user can use them to navigate to other installed applications in the compute Stefan (2012). According to this assumptions may skip designing such kinds of icons and assumption can be modelled in the enterprise architect using such constraints elements which are available on the common tool box dialogue box Priorities- They are requirements which are authoritative to the success of the project which ensure that analysis, developments, testing, and implementation resources which focus on most critical aspects of the systems. It is also a decision process which allocates priorities of every requirement and the categorization of business value Bailey (2006). Constraints- these are the restrictions on the choices that are made by the architecture, implementation, setting out of the solutions. They can either start with the principles described in the enterprise architecture which restrict the most type of plats forms such as programming language or decision to purchase building materials on the solutions Ken (2013). They could be as well be the restriction on the type of the protocols that solution must comply with in order to implement. Files sizes and formats can also limit the solutions choices. There is those nonfunctional and analyst must be careful to separate them. Constraints can be modelled in enterprise architect by the use of constraints elements which are available on the common toolbox on the stereo typed requirements elements such model can be used in dependency relationship Morgan (2007). Technical approaches of enterprise architecture framework Zachman Framework Enterprise Architecture This framework was printed by John Zachman in the year 1987 and was considered to be major key player parts in this area. According to its assumptions distinguish that, depending on the increased scope of the design and the level of the difficulty of the information systems implementation are being forced to use some logical architecture Bernard (2012). This framework is based on the principal of classical architecture which is used to elaborate the use of difficult enterprise structures. Zachman enterprise has six views that are the planner, owner, designer, builder, subcontractor and users. The next perception of this context answer six basic questions on where, when, how, where, why, what hence the frame work does not provide with guide on processing, guidance or either implementation but it only focus on ensuring that sights are clearly recognized ensuring that is complete regardless of the order which is established. Even though passivity are assumed is used in completeness with the relationship rules which are followed Stefan (2012). Department of Defense Architecture Framework (DoDAF) It is basically built on triple collections of views that are operational views, system and technical views. The other views provide a linkage to other views by the means of the dictionary in defining them such as providing them with framework, summary and outline level information. The framework gives final explanations of the final products as well as rules and consistency. This gives a common denomination by comparing systems while interoperating and interacting architectures Jeanne and Ross (2006). Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) It was established and published by United State of America chief information officer council. The government was following the market trends in defining an architectural framework to conduct the development of big and compound systems developments Lankhorst (2012). This was the response of Clinger-Cohen act which requested the Federal to change, conserve, and facilitate assimilated systems. The core goal was to organize while promoting and sharing of information on the entire federal government. On this architectural segments are generated specifically on a structured guidelines with every segment considered to be its own enterprise within the enterprise. Federal enterprise architecture facilitates flexibility in terms of using methods, work products and vital tools used by the individual agencies Hausman (2012). The Open Group Architectural Framework (TOGAF) It was established in the year 1995 grounded on the department of defense with technical architecture framework information management. It emphases on one main mission in the critics on the commercial applications which are designed to use open system blocks. It also explains rules in generating best principals unlike providing the set of style principles. The three levels major provision decision making process cutting across the complete enterprise. The open group architectural also provides guidance on IT resource and support principle of architecture in development and implementation Peter (2012). Failures of Enterprise Architecture Poor Communication Enterprise Architecture en composes of a huge number of people who are using the systems from high management to lowest level employee, in order to manage constant communication which is the key issue to the organization. Communication helps the project to grow since there is sharing of ideas and opinion towards the project. Corporate management use meetings, blogs and group discussion for successful enterprise architecture implementation in order for stakeholders to have a platform where they can discuss a particular issue concerning new system being deployed in the organization Grigoriu (2006). Underestimating the Impact of Change Leaders of the project such as managers, technicians, and other working personnel they should a positive force and motivation towards constantly promoting the vision and aspect of the introduction of the new system. If the employee is not included in the project implementation and shown the advantages sides of having such kind of change can result in the killing of the project implementation. Employees if they have a positive attitude towards the leaders and the project then it will be easier to implement the system. Management should always be concerned with addressing issues about changes which can bring more advantages edge on the business while implementing the enterprise architecture Martin (2007). Trying to do it for Peanuts Corporate desires everything they invest should have returns, resources such as time and money invested should be in accounts for better profit maximization should. In terms of implementation of projects majority of companies are stuck while implementing the project due to lack of finances. Due to lack of funds, most of the projects are completed in a scenario time is not efficient and they are late for deadlines. In other cases, they over budgeted the project them over budget hence missing many important features which affect the quality of the business process. Doing things cheaply in a project can easily cost the corporate a lot of finance in long term run Reese (2010). Lack of Sponsorship In order for the enterprise to do the job, they require to interact with the stakeholders and negotiate on issues to do with such major issues like the interaction with the stakeholders, access to the latest technology for testing ability and also access to the exclusive information as needed in order to complete initiatives. They also need authority to stop any unfavorable working com Saha (2012). Hiring the Wrong Person Most of the employees and support people hired in most corporate are competent even if they do not have skills which involve skills to deal with the ability to translate technical documents into a simple corporate strategy and the same time knowledge about the business and such ability either to communicate or acknowledge other technologies. Factors which Architects Fail to Understand Resulting in Initiatives to Fails Enterprise mission and plans-They luck clear understanding of corporate mission and vision statement and the basic information such as organization infrastructure and plans of the enterprise Sweeney (2010). Enterprise strategic initiatives- They are the features or the traits of the enterprise which includes (SWOT) that is strengths, opportunities, and threats weaknesses. On the same, there is the gap between of the current enterprise initiatives which drive improvement and quality management Theuerkorn (2010). Present systems and technology- These are the sets of the information resources in change in the entire enterprise such as machines, certification systems and equipments inventories, networking configured diagrams and other policies and the procedures. Without having such kind of information to the architects may result in the failure of implementation of enterprise architects Longp (2003). Computer industry trends- They involves the new technologies predictions of about the usage, availability, and cost of computer and communication infrastructure and other modern technologies which are acknowledges from reliable sources along with related best follows now in use Roel (2005 ). Relationship Aspects Between Stakeholders Enterprise Architecture stakeholders are people representing the organization who are exaggerated most by Eservices. They are responsible for providing inputs of data into the decision makers and they have to adapt to EA products. Stakeholders are composed of senior managers, project and program managers, software architects and lastly initiative architects. At any level, they are based on operating with the focus on their specific roles. EA stakeholders actively tail specific objectives which at the time they are conflicting hence they may fail to meet business objectives and goals. Due to characteristics of products and services in EA functions every stakeholders guesses that they will help them to achieve their goals and objectives Peter (2010). At the enterprise level, General Manager is one who is accountable for enterprise architecture verdict making concerning the enterprise structure. It may creation of strategy in the aspect of the stakeholders responsibility. Board members in enterprise businesses strategies consist of Chief executives Officers, Chief finance officer, Chief Operation and Chief information officer who are responsible in business and information Technology arrangement, Chief information officer is accountable in both evidence and information systems areas. The chief technology officer is one who makes decisions on issues concerning technology requirements and platforms Cretu (2016). The domain level in Enterprise Architecture stakeholders they are like the owners who control, manage, coordinate and change of programs within the domain. Business Division mandate is to overseas operations and performance of his or her domain. Division information officer DIO is accountable for all operation performances of platforms of the structure domain Zaigham (2011). The project level is stake holders answerable in running of projects which are to be implementing on great impact which changes into high operation environment. The corporate project manager is more accountable in delivering within a given time of the budget with the best resolution that fits the business requirements Niemann (2007). The corporate designer is answerable for determining necessities while on the same designing solutions. Information analysts are responsible for determining the design and the requirements of the given project. Project managers are responsible for management of information systems while developing software applications components. The operational level stakeholders their responsibility is to maintain stability and continuity of the operations. Managers are responsible for day to day task such as operational and writing. Business processing engineers and facts application administrator do day by day maintenance events in order to optimize continuity and stability Graves (2009). Implications for Practice or Education of the EA People Certainly, knowledge is power; as a result, having an informed individual undertaking a task is an outright advantage to the intended venture and the organization in general. It is very obvious that the main aim of the business is to record profitable results at the end of every transaction. To achieve this, it is important to have a well-laid plan Fowler (2015). It can be achieved through asserting proper efforts at the design stage. Most important having the right person for a certain job creates a room for the whole process to realize the intended outcome. It is thus clear that the expertise, knowledge and the experience levels of the enterprise architecture personnel can proportion to success Ken (2013). Enterprise architectures are directed and guided by certain canons. These form the basis of their operations and sets standards for their work. In addition to this, it culminates value and improves the profitability of the investment. It is because; enterprise architecture forms the manner through which the investment of the organization is strategically managed. Some of the guiding principles include the following; accountability, confidentiality, dependability, integrity, agility and innovation. The main goal is to place the business at an advantaged edge. It can be argued that the principles form the framework of the enterprise architecture Fowler (2015). They are very many benefits that are encountered upon having an in-depth expertise on the enterprise architectural. Some of these include; once a plan is laid it is easy to assess the required resources and infrastructure. It also assesses the efforts that will be needed to have the set goal attained. That is the proposed plan can be simulated well before the actual plan is executed Jeanne and Ross (2014). The advantage of this approach is that the level of waste is reduced and in case there is an underlying challenge the problem can be situated before the start of the project. In some sensitive cases to start up a business it requires some delicate analysis of the resources and the required physical infrastructure this saves the business and the management in particular of the possible failure at the initial stage of the business. In summary, it saves the management of the possible failure frustrations Ken (2013). Through the standards through a hindrance to some of the EA individuals and entities facilitates drastic lowering of the operating cost Jeanne and Ross (2014). For example, in the IT arena, support costs are substantially lowered. Allowing the staff to do one thing and give excellent results in contrast to having the staff undertaking a wide range of activities and not giving optimum results. That is having a proper articulated EA facilitates an enterprise to retain the talented employees, enhance training amongst other employee development plans Morgan (2002). Once the architecture is laid, the individual enterprise has a proper designed way of carrying out its activities, accordingly, the efforts of the stakeholders are properly integrated and aligned to achieve the preset goal. This ensures that the business will control the short-term crisis and also lay long term plans Hausman (2012). Conclusion Enterprise Architecture is unique and useful. It is one of the core factors in the organization which is dealing with the complexity and changes. The best benefits it solves most of the difficulties challenges which most modern enterprises face. It makes sure that senior leaders can be able to bring changes needed to the corporate and deliver them the way they promised to the stakeholders. The most skills required by Enterprise Architecture business, information and also information competence and such engineered methods are implemented to the Enterprise Architects in to address obstacles to the strategic change to the company. All business government and other non-profit organization globally are using Enterprise Architecture to adopt the need to ever increasing demand of change. In conclusion, enterprise architecture facilitates coordination and organization of the business activities and stakeholders efforts towards achieving the preset References Bailey, I., 2006. A Simple Guide to Enterprise Architecture - Model Futures. Bernard, S. A., 2012 . An Introduction to Enterprise Architecture: Third Edition. Cretu, L. G., 2016 . Designing Enterprise Architecture Frameworks. Integrating Business. Fowler, M., 2015. EnterpriseArchitecture -. p. 78. Graves, T., 2009 . Enterprise Architecture. Grigoriu, A., 2006 . An Enterprise Architecture Development Framework. Hausman, K., 2012. Sustainable Enterprise Architecture. Jeanne W. Ross, P. W. D. R., 2014. What are good books for enterprise architecture. Jeanne W. Ross, . W. . R., 2006. Enterprise Architecture As Strategy. Ken, J., 2013. Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF). Lankhorst, M., 2012. Enterprise Architecture at Work. Modelling, Communication and Analysis. Longp, C., 2003. Fenix Theuerkorn - 2004. Martin van den Berg, . v. S., 2007. Building an Enterprise Architecture Practice. Mogan, P., 2002. Enterprise Architecture. Sparx Systems. Niemann, K. D., 2007. From Enterprise Architecture to IT Governance. Peter Bernus, . D. . F., 2010. Enterprise Architecture, Integration and Interoperability. Peter Bernus, . N. . J. S., 2012. Handbook on Enterprise Architecture. Reese, R. J., 2010 . Troux Enterprise Architecture Solutions. Roel Wagter, . v. d. B. . L., 2005 . Dynamic Enterprise Architecture. How to Make It Work. Saha, P., 2012. Enterprise Architecture for Connected E-Government. Stefan Bente, . B. . L., 2012 . Collaborative Enterprise Architecture. Sweeney, R., 2010 . Achieving Service-Oriented Architecture. Theuerkorn, F., 2010 . Lightweight Enterprise Architectures. Zaigham Mahmood, . H., 2011. Cloud Computing for Enterprise Architectures.